Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, December
1997 Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, December
1997
Maintaining seed diversity during the Green Revolution
Yunita T. Winarto
Table 1. Changes in rice varieties
Period |
Varieties |
Case 1 |
Case 2 |
Case 3 |
The existing rice varieties |
| 1960-1968 (period before high- yielding varieties or HYVs) |
traditional varieties |
Gènjah Ranté Marile Sedan Ukut Menur |
Gènjah Ranté Padi Ruyung |
Gènjah Ranté |
awned paddy: Gènjah Ranté, Marile, Sedan, Ukut, Menur, Padi Ruyung Jerah, Benong, Walèn, Kopo, Banjar Patoman, Mambang, Gènjah Kopo, Gènjah Melati. |
| Céréh Brandul |
awnless paddy: Céréh Usin, Rakim, Gembol, Merah, Banji, Pandan, Belut, Gampung, Brandul. |
||||
| Ketan Odèng |
glutinous varieties: Ketan Randakaya, Mas, Item, Nangka, Odèng, Putih. |
||||
| improved varieties | Bengawan Srèndèt | Jembar | Jembar Srèndèt Angkong | Bengawan, Gadis, Sinta, Jembar, Srèndèt, Angkong, Cempak, Jelita, Blaster, Jaèr. | |
| 1968-1975 (first HYVs) | traditional varieties |
Gènjah Melati
Céréh Brandul |
Gènjah Ranté
|
Gènjah Ranté
|
awned paddy: (see above)
awnless paddy: (see above) |
| improved varieties | Jembar Bengawan Angkong | Jembar Angkong Dewi Rati | (see above), Dewi Rati. | ||
| HYVs | PB (IR) 5 PB (IR) 8 Pelita |
PB (IR) 5 PB (IR) 8 Pelita |
PB (IR) 5 PB (IR) 8 Pelita |
PB (IR) 5} for three PB (IR) 8} seasons only Pelita followed by IR30, IR36, IR52 |
|
| locally named varieties of HYVs | Pandan Wangi | Pandan Wangi | |||
| 1975-1986 (after the severe outbreak of BPH) | HYVs | Cisadané | Cisadané | Cisadané | Cisadané (dominant). |
| locally named varieties of HYVs | Pandan Wangi Ketan Tarling | Ketan Paris Ketan Tarling | Pandan Wangi, Ketan Paris, Ketan Tarling. | ||
| 1987-1990 (after the second outbreak of BPH) |
HYVs | Cisadané IR64 IR42 | IR64 IR42 | Cisadané IR64 | IR64 (dominant), Cisadané, IR42, Semeru. |
| 1990-1996 (after the severe outbreak of WRSB) |
traditional varieties | Gènjah Melati | Gènjah Melati, Padi Walarem. |
||
| HYVs | IR64 Way Seputih Walanai | IR64 IR42
|
IR64 Way Seputih | IR64, IR36, IR41, IR42, Cisadané, Way Seputih, Walanai, Semeru, Cisanggarung, Ciliwung, Memberamo (was not readopted by farmers in 1996/97). | |
| locally named varieties of HYVs | IR99 red rice variety Muncul |
Ketan Tarling Ketan Sumatera Ketan Lusi PN19 | Ketan Lusi Muncul | IR99, PN70, PN19, Dèlis, Muncul (became dominant in 1996), Ketan Tarling, Ketan Sumatera, Ketan Lusi, red rice variety, red glutinous variety. | |
Changes in rice varieties
This table presents a general overview of the various rice varieties available and those actually planted during the period from before the Green Revolution to recent times (also see Fox 1991). Data about the existing varieties were obtained from interviews with four older farmers (over 50) who still remembered what varieties were common in the region from the forties to about 1975. These four farmers, plus four younger famers, were interviewed about the period 1975-86. Data about the two periods 1987-90 and 1990-96 were obtained during fieldwork surveys carried out in 1990-92 and 1996/97, when 34-44 farmers were interviewed.
The cases 1, 2 and 3 all refer to individual farmers—case 1, Anin; case 2, Romi; case 3, Arjan (all fictitious names)—from one hamlet, kampung Marga Tani, in dessa Ciasem Baru, regency of Subang, West Java province, Indonesia.
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