For a national policy maker it is possible to think about raising the income levels of the bottom 10% or 20% toward the middle of the distribution. The poorest can be brought nearer the poverty line through measures like cash transfers.
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Andrew Shepeherd is the Director of the Chronic Poverty Advisory Network hosted at the Overseas Development Institute. He has also led work in ODI on 'Poorly Performing Countries', which has challenged current international orthodoxy. His core interests are in policies and policy and implementation processes which will contribute to the sustainable elimination of poverty.